隨著應(yīng)用方向的不斷拓展,能夠用到研磨儀的領(lǐng)域越來(lái)越多,但隨著研究的深入,研磨條件也在不斷的細(xì)化,特別是一些生物活性樣品,在研磨過(guò)程中既要達(dá)到研磨效果,又要保證成分不失活,這就要求在研磨樣品時(shí)溫度升高不能太高。眾所周知,研磨的過(guò)程是通過(guò)研磨珠與樣品劇烈碰撞、摩擦而完成的。在這個(gè)過(guò)程中,隨著產(chǎn)生的熱量增大,溫度也會(huì)增加。速度越快,熱量越高,溫度增高也越多。
目前為了抵御溫升的影響,通常采用的方法是低溫預(yù)冷和加緩沖液保護(hù),低溫預(yù)冷即將樣品預(yù)先放置到低溫環(huán)境中,一般為液氮或超低溫冰箱,液氮預(yù)冷的速度較快,且溫度較低,但不太適合新鮮動(dòng)物組織,因?yàn)樾迈r動(dòng)物組織含水較多,經(jīng)液氮冷凍后容易形成冰塊,使樣品變得更加不易破碎。另外,一些動(dòng)物組織成分經(jīng)液氮凍融之后容易失活,也不能經(jīng)受太大的溫度變化,所以動(dòng)物組織研磨通常會(huì)采用緩沖液研磨或直接研磨。
緩沖液研磨可以一定程度上保護(hù)樣品不過(guò)度升溫,但從另一方面也會(huì)吸收研磨珠撞擊的能量,故在緩沖液研磨時(shí),通常要選擇更高的速度才行。加緩沖液研磨時(shí),研磨時(shí)間需要很久,且速度較高時(shí),溫度還是會(huì)有所升高。為了有效的解決這一矛盾,我們的自動(dòng)研磨儀采用了化整為零的方式,即將一個(gè)較長(zhǎng)的研磨過(guò)程分為幾次來(lái)進(jìn)行,每次研磨一段時(shí)間停頓一會(huì),循環(huán)幾次,原理類似于超聲波破碎,舉個(gè)例子來(lái)說(shuō):如果原來(lái)研磨一個(gè)樣品需要很久的時(shí)間,我們的自動(dòng)研磨儀就可以將其分為幾次去進(jìn)行,轉(zhuǎn)速不變,每次都是研磨的時(shí)間和間歇時(shí)間都是一樣的,在幾次過(guò)后樣品實(shí)際被研磨了很久,但由于每次時(shí)間都較短,溫度不會(huì)升高太多,在暫停過(guò)程中,由于有預(yù)冷的適配器和緩沖液還能降溫。這樣既保證了樣品的研磨效果,又保證了樣品溫度不會(huì)過(guò)度升高,可謂一舉兩得。
目前,自動(dòng)研磨儀對(duì)動(dòng)物組織的處理無(wú)疑是一種很好的儀器。相信隨著實(shí)驗(yàn)條件的不斷優(yōu)化,間歇式自動(dòng)研磨儀會(huì)有更大的應(yīng)用空間。
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